Among the Muslim contributions to social sciences, Imam Ghazali and Ibn-e-Khuldun discussed the concept of the labour theory of value and division of labour in economics several centuries earlier than Adam Smith and David Ricardo. The famous Laffer curve in economics was first discovered by Ibn-e-Khuldun.

Even in social sciences, Muslims were modern and advanced compared to their age. The birth of capitalism as per Max Weber in “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” began in Western Europe and spread to North America. Benedict Koehler in his recent book “Early Islam and the Birth of Capitalism” argues that it is Muslim civilization that provided the organizational and ideological elements that combined and gave rise to some positive features of Capitalism.

Prof. Richard Dawkins titles his book “The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution”. But, it could only potentially explain how the show runs and it cannot explain that who directed it, produced it and is administering it if the show is still live.

meaning to life and what we and others do in it. Else, in a godless paradigm, it is just a game of survival of the fittest. Animals play it as well as humans with no difference between the two in the godless view of life.

The Creator introduces Himself rather than some people filling the gap with an assumed deity. Qur’an provides evidence of its divinity since its descriptive accuracy of nature (even though mentioned only as a supplement to its core message) is not contradicted by established facts of modern science. The unity of origin (Tawheed) is also consistent with the order and design manifested in the universe.

Have we created ourselves? If not and if we have been created, then the intellect with which we discover knowledge about the matter in physical sciences to answer the question of 'What is' and the conscience with which we differentiate between right and wrong, are both created and bestowed by Allah.

Science can inform and identify moral dilemmas by highlighting the consequences of actions and inactions, but it cannot compel us to do the morally right things as influenced by some objective values and morality. Given the opportunity cost of every economic activity, we buy more luxuries despite there being one in nine people going to bed hungry and hundreds of thousands of people dying from curable diseases which can be prevented for an individual in less than the cost of a hamburger.

Science has made us truly amazed at how we exist through fine- tuned balance in numerous variables. The natural question is for what purpose? Can aspiration of getting a due reward for right conduct is possible for everyone? Can absolute justice ever be established? Is everlasting happiness achievable? Can the outlaws responsible for genocide be brought to justice ever? Can the honest and truthful people who suffer unjust lives be duly compensated, if ever?

Human rationality is not confined to believing only in physically observable realities. Even though Prof. Lawrence Krauss thinks that the ultimate arbiter of truth is experiment, science would come at a standstill when faced with realities that are not physical. Science would not tell us about the motive, will and morals definitively.

From where did all the initial matter and material processes through which we explain the recipe of life come from? All that we have done through science is to use the pre-existing matter inside the universe in ways that benefit us by exploiting the cause and effect relations from observation and experimentation.